If you can afford it, I would go with cabinet/wardrobe/bookcase unit that goes from fridge to the wall and at least the height of the kitchen cabinets. You could have it do multiple duty then of storage for kitchen plus your books. On top the fridge if you go that high with a storage unit; put a wine rack. You can get some fairly inexpensive ones and even if you don't put wine in it, it will help visually bring the fridge area up as well (I had one over my fridge for a long time and put the roll/box of aluminum foil, parchment paper, cling wrap, etc in it)

Table, go to a gateleg, these are foldable and some have storage in them for folding chairs. So when not in use it folds up and stores. That would give you 'open space' when not dining, and you can open one or both legs for 2-6 guests (would need a few extra chairs).

What is the black thing to 'couch, left'?

Two endtables with storage in them could be put to flank your couch, and either a table lamp or a torchiere put in the corner to give additional light if needed... a new cover for the couch and a few nice pillows on it... there are ottomans that have storage and can roll, that will allow you do store things as well as have it moveable for whatever you need.

Over the couch you have room for one really large chunk of art. Posters can be gotten fairly inexpensively and are easy to have mounted to foamcore and framed, a big horizontal print of something would really help add pizzaz.

I would wall mount your TV, on the other side of the window, if there's room.

Just make sure the landlord is okay with your renovations before you start.