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Compost with care...

15 years ago

I am a fanatic composter but after reading some of the posts by other fanatics I have a few words of caution about what to compost:

Paper: If it is recyclable it benefits the earth much more to recycle it. This is because fewer trees will need to be cut down for new paper and it takes much less energy to create new paper from old paper rather than new trees. By all means keep composting paper that cannot be recycled like napkins, tissues, coffee filters, pizza boxes, etc. It certainly makes sense to use old newspaper and cardboard for lining the bird cage or as pet bedding rather than buying new, but it doesn't make sense to put these materials directly into the compost when they are still in recylable condition.

Clothing: Be sure it is a natural fiber and remove the seams, designs and buttons. The seams and embroidery are usually polyester thread which will not break down. Don't compost leather, leather is treated very heavily with toxic chemicals. You don't want these in your garden soil. As with anything, try to find ways to recycle and/or reuse clothing prior to composting it.

Human Urine: be careful not to contaminate food crops. Also be cautious of using it if you are taking prescription medications. You don't want these residues in your vegetable garden.

The contents of the vacuum bag: There are often small peices of plastic and carpet fibers which will not break down and may leach toxic chemicals into the soil over the years.

Pet feces: I've read that the only way to safely deal with dog and cat waste is to bury it at least 2 feet in the ground and 20 feet away from food crops. Some studies have found that dangerous bacteria from pet waste can stay in the soil for several years. Use a biodegradable litter as well. Clay litters don't break down, are usually strip-mined and may contain a lot of baking soda.

Meat, bones, eggs, dead animals, dairy and cooking oil: These items all break down to benefit the soil but they may smell terrribly and harbor dangerous bacteria in the process. They aren't ideal in compost bins and piles unless you really know what you are doing. The best method is to bury them in the soil and forget them. Bury deep enough not to attract pests, keep oils from damaging plants and keep bacteria away from food crops that contact the soil. You probably want to bury them in a place where they won't be disturbed for a couple years. Larger bones will probably resurface in the garden. When they do they will be clean and safe, I find a good way to dispose of these is to drop them into the hole when planting a tree or shrub or any plant that will be around for awhile (my raspberry patch probably has an entire butcher shop under it). They will slowly leach beneficial minerals into the soil as they decompose over many years.

If you are not able to compost an item safely and in a way that won't be unsightly or smelly for the neighbors it is better to throw it in the garbage. Throwing away the occaisional compostable item is not the worst eco-sin you can commit.

Comments (16)

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    Thanks for a great over-view.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    Go insight, thanks.
    Why don't the newspaper just go on line & stop making paper products. They are out dated, with the web & cable T.V.
    Like this site & http://kitchengardeners.org instead of buying a book or DVD.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    jolj- Some of us just have to have the feel of a newspaper in our hands!
    I am getting one of those e-book thingys for xmas, but we shall see if it can replace the book in the hand!
    It should help, as I can adjust the font and maybe not have to wear my nasty glasses! And maybe I'll save a tree or 3! NT

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    lol not so fanatical are you(:
    There is no paper pickup in rural areas and I'm not wasting gas driving paper to town although we don't get daily paper but a lot of cardboard which the garbage company charges to leave a dumpster for

    My pile currently has three deer carcasses in it and the cats and dogs do as they please I pee on it every time I walk by too would probably do humanure if I didn't have functioning septic system

    Good post though I think even beginners get hammered to hard on what can not be composted and get scared to advance

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I'm unconvinced that electronic reader devices have a "better" ecological impact than books, especially with the newer ability to print on-demand.

    Paper's at least renewable.

    Electronics and batteries?

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    New paper does need some old paper to make that new paper, but whether recycling paper in a way that puts our old paper back into that waste stream depends on whether the real cost is worthwhile. If trucking your used paper someplace to recycle it costs you much more then the paper is worth, using it in your garden is the more ecologically sane way to recycle that paper.
    If you look closely at some paper material that is labeled as using recyled paper you may notice that the recycled content is 10 perceent which is about what is needed in the paper mill to make new paper and most of that comes from in plant recycled fiber, not from outside sources.
    The cost of moving that paper from where you are to where it can be recycled usually is much greater that the used paper is worth, although one use of old paper fiber is to make cellulose insulation to be sprayed into homes. Unfortunately that industry depends on free, or at least very low cost, paper to exist today.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    NancyJane ... I'm with you. And not just because my name is NancyJean!
    Seriously, don't touch my books, magazines or newspapers. Curling up with a "good computer" just doesn't do it for me.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I should qualify my advice:

    1. I live in the city so I have to pay a little more attention to odors than you lucky rural folks do. Also, due to my small lot I have to be more mindful of sanitation.

    2. The dense population in the city allows for frequent and economical paper recycling service. Also, due to the dense population I have to be careful that my compost pile doesn't just look like a pile of garbage I dumped on the lawn. Again, you will have to adjust your composting strategy based on your local circumstances.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    Some areas such as mine don't even actually recycle the paper. They burn it in a waste to energy plant to make electricity.

    As nice as that is it doesnt much matter to me since I make my own power from PV panels. I mulch the garden with my paper.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I was going to start a new thread to ask my question, but it looks like this is the place to ask (forgive me if I'm hijacking): Can I compost leaves of diseased plants? moldy food? "poisonous" plants like oleander? How do you know what kinds of things break down into harmless nothingness in the compost bin, and what needs to be left out?

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    Whether to compost diseased plant tissue is difficult because it depends on a number of factors such as which disease and how you compost, as well as where that compost will be used later.
    Leaves from Maples with Black Tar Spot can be composted since most all of the Maple leaves will have that while leaves from plants with Anthracnose probably should not be. Many of us have composted leaves from the Walnut family and the Castor Bean with no problems. All plant waste is digested in nature with not too much of a problem, and diseases appear to be kept confined with much less control needed than in our gardens.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    Let me throw out a different perspective on paper recycling. I find it harder to get browns than greens. If I didn't have shredded paper, I'd have to go buy browns. Peat most is easiest to get(and priciest) at ~$3/ft^3. Wood chips are ~$1/ft^3, and so on. So the cost of recycling paper is the cost of a replacement brown. It's likely that is higher than savings resulting from handing paper over to the recycling service.
    Right now, I have about a cubic yard in storage, and expect to go through it quickly when I make my first few piles in the spring.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I call that a "big picture" line of thinking Josko. There are often extenuating circumstances that ought to be taken into account when considering different approaches to issues.

    Lloyd

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I'm being a bit pedantic, but maybe something like "a few words of caution about what to compost [if you're just starting out]", or something, would be helpful.
    I make good, healthy compost on my small suburban property using everything on the 'don't use' list except pet faeces.
    While it's a hassle pulling out strings of old elastic when I turn the pile, cutting bits off old clothes would interfere with my "rough enough's good enough" policy!
    I compost any carbon-based lifeforms I can lay my hands on, without spreading disease or stinking up the neighbourhood!
    I consider myself exempt from my unsolicited addition to the OPs post, so bear that in mind. I'm also in New Zealand and things might be different here.

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I also find it better to throw old clothes into the pile & pick out oddities when I use the compost;
    if I had to take off buttons, zippers, snaps, tags, elastic, etc, I'd likely get fed up & throw the whole thing away.

    Seems like it was this forum where someone posted a picture of a pair of cotton/spandex pants a year after they'd been put into the pile & the cotton fabric had broken down;
    what remained looked like a elastic-y, webby pair of pants!

  • 15 years ago
    last modified: 11 years ago

    I put my sensitive information through the shredder and then I compost it, such as any papers with my name/identifiers on them.

    Otherwise, I also support recycling your paper instead.

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