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Gas explosion misconceptions

17 years ago

I have seen posted before and again (gas grill post), the reference to natural gas igniting or exploding with out a spark or flame source when it reaches a certain concentration or level.

This is I guess can be added to the urban legend list.

An ignition source such as a pilot flame, spark from ignition, wall switch, CFL bulb and even static electricity is required, along with the correct mixture of gas/air.

The explosive limit of a gas or a vapour, is the limiting concentration (in air) that is needed for the gas to ignite and explode. There are two explosive limits for any gas or vapor, the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL). At concentrations in air below the LEL there is not enough fuel to continue an explosion; at concentrations above the UEL the fuel has displaced so much air that there is not enough oxygen to begin a reaction. Concentrations of explosive gases are often given in terms of percent of lower explosive limit (%LEL).

In addition other conditions must be met to allow an ignition or explosive atmosphere. One of those and the most important ingrediant is Oxygen.

Oxygen (O2) must be between 19.5% (LEL) and 23.5% (UEL)

Without the correct mixture of the two above, 75% or more of natural gas and an O2 of 19.5% to 23.5% and there is no explosion. Too little oxygen just as well as too much, hinders the explosive properties of the ambient air.

That is why careful ventilation by fire departments or gas companies in some cases must ventilate with caution since adding fresh air to a structure without isolating and shutting off gas brings the two mixtures into harmony and with that only open flame or spark is required.

Most state and federal agencies have adopted the Gas Piping and Technology Committee (GPTC) standards for grading natural gas leaks.

A Grade 1 leak is a leak that represents an existing or probable hazard to persons or property, and requires immediate repair or continuous action until the conditions are no longer hazardous.

Examples of a Grade 1 Leak are:

1. Any leak which, in the judgment of operating personnel at the scene, is regarded as an immediate hazard.

2. Escaping gas that has ignited.

3. Any indication of gas which has migrated into or under a building, or into a tunnel.

4. Any reading at the outside wall of a building, or where gas would likely migrate to an out-side wall of a building.

5. Any reading of 80% LEL, or greater, in a confined space.

6. Any reading of 80% LEL, or greater in small substructures (other than gas associated sub structures) from which gas would likely migrate to the outside wall of a building.

7. Any leak that can be seen, heard, or felt, and which is in a location that may endanger the general public or property.

Caution:Do not light fires/cigarettes, and do not operate electrical appliances/light switches/phones, as these may act as points of ignition. Dont touch any thing, leave carefully from the area and call FD or 911 from a distant neighborÂs house.

Past Fire Chief.

Comments (12)

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    That was part of our gas course. It was an exam question on
    the school's exam and the department of labour's final exam.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    funny how a NG leak in a empty house blew up that house and the 1 beside it. the house was vacant, water and electric cut off, but the gas co had not made it to cut gas off. 2 days later, BOOM. according to the local fire chief, it was caused by the NG building up and exploding. that is where i get my info. maybe he was wrong, maybe the old school thinking he was trained by was, i dunno.

    i cannot find anything to back my post up, and much that backs up yours.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    You know, I have never heard anyone claim (at least not that I recall) that gas can spontaneously combust once it reaches a certain concentration. Interesting that some people believe that.

    Good information.

    I'll have to find the thread in question and read it.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    Here is the bottom line. N.G. DOES NOT EXPLODE BY ITSELF WHEN BUILT UP. IT NEVER HAS AND NEVER WILL. NEITHER DOES PROPANE. It has to have an ignition source and be at the right persentage. There was a guy that blew up houses to collect insurance. He would buy a house loosen the gas pipe to the furnace, go the the bar at the other end of town,cause a ruccus or fight so everyone remembered him and phone the home. BANG. He got caught when the house had an electronic phone and the neibours smelled gas. It didn't blow. We were taught that in gas school. There is L.E.L. and U.E.L and nothing in between. Our instuctors can't lie to us. It's a very serious liability issue. Besides we would flunk the department of labour exam. They are god. No licence. How do you think they weld up a 5 lb. gas line in a trench on a city street ? Ive seen it done. The guy goes down there with breathing equipment and strikes an arc. Bang. The ground above him is on fire but he is perfectly safe down in the trench. I wouldn't do it,
    but i now know it can be done and how it is done. The only
    thing i know of to date that can self combust with and only
    with too much pressure is acetaline. That is why there is only 500 lbs in a tank or lay it on it's side and use it.
    Oxygene will self combust, actually explode if oil is spilled on the regulator. Powdered chlorine, as in swimming
    pools, will explode into flames if water is spelled into it. Built up N.G. and propane will never explode by itself
    unless it is within it's limits and has an outside ignition
    source. That is gosple. End of debate. I just about forgot.
    I reread the above post. I know my fire commisioner. When
    they say faulty wiring or gas explosion it is arson but they can't prove it. They say that so they are out of it and now it's up to the insurance investigators.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    "Oxygene will self combust, actually explode if oil is spilled on the regulator. "

    The oxygen is not causing the fire, the oil is.
    Once the oil is consumed the fire goes out.

    Oxygen is NOT combustible by itself.
    Is is an oxidizer that can lower the ignition point of fuels depending on the fuel and the concentration.

    A smoldering cigarette will burst into open flames in an oxygen rich environment.
    The person smoking IS going to drop the thing immediately, hopefully before there hair catches on fire.
    Where it lands is the next problem.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    Oxygen, oil, who cares. When they are mixed its spontaneous
    combustion. Everyone knows oxygen doesn't burn, i hope. It's grade 7 science. Oil, yes. Nit picking, maybe ? But have you ever seen air burn ? Yes the air we breath. Anyone that works in a smelter knows what i'm talking about. If i wasn't standing in front of the furnace and watching it i wouldn't beleive it.

  • 17 years ago

    Got to have four things to have a fire:

    Heat, Fuel, Oxygen, and a Battalion Chief. Take away any one and you can't have a fire.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    "Everyone knows oxygen doesn't burn, i hope. It's grade 7 science."

    I think you would be very surprised.
    A lot of people must have slept through science class.

    And yes, if you heat air hot enough you can force the nitrogen to 'burn' and form various NOx compounds.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    what with my bad memory, I don't even recall 7th grade, if oxygen doesn't burn why then do they post those no smoking signs near oxygen tanks, and not to bring up bad moments, but didn't they have a punctured oxygen tank on one of the space shots that resulted in an explosion., and seriously, thanks for advancing my education.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    A smoldering fire (like a cigarette) near an oxygen rich environment will burst into open flames.
    The smoker may get burned, or drop the cigarette lighting something else on fire.

    The puncture of the oxygen tank in and of itself is dangerous, especially when it is the oxygen you are supposed to breath.

    The failure was actually in a fuel cell, cutting there electric power and heat.

    The LEM was used to provide power and oxygen for the rest of the ride.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    Thanks for the back up Brickeyee. Anyone remember the old
    flash bulds that were in the old Browny 126 cameras ? The
    flash bulb was full of steel wool and oxygen. The battery
    caused the wool to glow and the oxygen caused a mass flash.
    Poof. you saw red spots for 1/2 hour. (actually any flash bulb for that matter ). I remember that in grade 7 science.
    Stunk up the whole class. Our teach would only do it once in the same day. What i should have said is oxygen supports
    combustion.

  • 17 years ago
    last modified: 10 years ago

    The example of the house blowing up could well have been caused by the pilot light on a gas appliance. Some fire investigators are experts. But they will often assert a cause even if they are not sure. Usually electrical gets blamed, not always accurately so. A pressure from the explosion of just 1/2 PSI can wreck a house. The pressure lifts it slightly, the foundation is pushed out, the house falls over/onto the failed foundation and falls apart. Do the math to prove the 1/2 PSI.