It could be whiteflies or spider mites. If the leaves are sticky, it's whiteflies. Look on the undersides of the leaves for small, white flies/moths. They also make holes in the leaves. Spider mites make webs over leaves and plants and make brown spots on leaves. Google "whiteflies" or "spider mites" to learn more. The brown tips on the leaves may be from watering your palm with tap water.

The white areas look like mealy bugs to me. You should realize that Majesty palms are notoriously difficult as "houseplants". They only reason HD sells so many of them is because they grow so fast so can be sold inexpensively. You can spray it with insecticidal soup, readily available. These ARE NOT like most palms in that they DO NOT appreciate drying between waterings, so feel free to ignore the one size fits all for watering palms that suggests that they need to dry out between waterings...., they would even occasionally appreciate sitting in a shallow saucer of water. Higher indoor humidity is good, ventilation, keeping it on the cooler side, and putting it outside for the growing season (depending on where you are). But honestly, coconut palms are easier inside. Good luck!

P.S., You might also add a bit of more soil to cover the exposed roots but don't over do it.