I do not think I am understanding exactly what you are doing so maybe some pics of the plans and for sure some reason you need exterior grade doors on an interior space .

This space needs to be temperature stable as a cooling unit will be inside it designed to keep the space 55-59 degrees and store wine. The area will have 3 walls with foam insulation. The front wall will be glass doors that per the cooling unit requirements must be double pane argon filled low e glass. I have gotten estimates for "wine cellar grade" glass and am curious if anyone has ever just ordered an stock exterior door in this application.

I do not see why it would not work just fine.

agree, seems like a reasonable solution. just remember that sliding doors have stationary panels at the ends (or at least one side) -- there may not be room to access that end if your bottles are on the long wall, depending on how you hang them.

Then I think your idea works fine but the look might not be quite what you want from the inside .so a bit of fiddling should address that.