FREE shipping on orders over $49!* Details
- All Products
- Lighting
- Ceiling Lighting
- Chandeliers
- Brand: Gallery
Crystorama Lighting and Gallery Chandeliers
Item 1 of 17
Sort by:
Price
2,414 Results
Paris Market 6 Light Clear Italian Crystal White Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(88)
SALE
$436$694
Free Shipping
The Paris Market collection offers a casual yet elegant aesthetic with every fixture. The hand painted frame features a vintage, distressed look, perfect for a modern farmhouse light fixture adding character and style to a room. The Paris Market is ideal for coastal, industrial, and transitional interiors.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 6
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Traditional Italian Crystal 4 Light Bronze Mini Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(63)
SALE
$155$234
Free Shipping
Classic like a timeless piece of jewelry, Traditional Crystal fixtures dazzles with glamour. The lavish fixture is decorated with swags of faceted cut crystal jewels, optimally cut for awe inspiring sparkle. Traditional crystal fixtures are classic, timeless, and elegant, adding the perfect bit of style to any room.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 4
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Solaris 6 Light Bronze Sphere Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(86)
$350
Free Shipping
Less is more with the sleek minimalist Solaris collection. Inspired by artwork at the MoMA in New York, the Solaris Collection is the perfect marriage of form and function. The fixture combines thin, swiping arms with a sculptural, sphere-shaped wrought cage. Whether the look is rustic, boho, modern or a transitional vibe, this light is as versatile as it is stylish.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 6
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs: Not included
Jayna 4 Light Matte Black Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(55)
$798
Free Shipping
The natural jute thread of the Jayna chandelier brings farmhouse style to a home. The two-layered shade of the open-weave drum adds visual interest to a space while still combining just the right amount of sophistication. Whether the look is rustic, industrial, or boho, this light is as versatile as it is stylish.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 4
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Paris Market 4 Light Clear Crystal White Mini Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(40)
$298
Free Shipping
The Paris Market collection offers a casual yet elegant aesthetic with every fixture. The hand painted frame features a vintage, distressed look, perfect for a modern farmhouse light fixture adding character and style to a room. The Paris Market is ideal for coastal, industrial, and transitional interiors.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 4
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Arcadia 15 Light Antique Gold Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(4)
$3,390
Free Shipping
- The simple crystal draping of the Arcadia, gives it a wow factor.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 15
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Silas 6 Light Burnished Silver Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(1)
$1,798
Free Shipping
The Silas interlaces natural wood beads with jute rows, bringing an organic element to its environment. A series of beads are strung together, taking on a handmade aesthetic that creates an inviting and casual style to a room.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 6
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Southport 3 Light Wet White Mini Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(28)
$238
Free Shipping
The Southport collection is evocative of vintage tole fixtures. The whimsical wrought iron fixture features decorative hand painted flowers. Bring the beauty of nature into your dining room, entryway, or any other space which needs a bit of graceful floral accent.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 3
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs: Not included
Paris Market 3 Light Mini-Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(47)
SALE
$179$234
Free Shipping
The Paris Market collection offers a casual yet elegant aesthetic with every fixture. The hand painted frame features a vintage, distressed look, perfect for a modern farmhouse light fixture adding character and style to a room. The Paris Market is ideal for coastal, industrial, and transitional interiors.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 3
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Filmore 4 Light Crystal Gold Mini-Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(15)
$500
Free Shipping
Urban industrial wrought iron fused with whimsical faceted cut crystal, contrast for the perfect modern chic design in the Filmore collection. Whether in a formal or relaxed setting this fixture is sure to be the focal point of any room in the house.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 4
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Crystorama Fillmore 3-Light Mini-Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(41)
$234
Free Shipping
English Bronze Mini Chandelier. Grace never goes out of style. Filmore is a collection designed for today, tomorrow and everyday. It features modern hand-painted finishes, graceful lines and updated crystal shape. This collection takes the notion of Maria Theresa chandeliers beyond traditional into the transitional.
- Bulbs: Not included
- Paris Market offers casual yet elegant, whimsical and chic chandeliers, wall sconces, and ceiling mounts.
- Listing (UL, ADA, CUL or CSA): UL, CUL, CSA
OUTSIDE LIGHTS:
- Total # Lights: 3
- # of Lights 1: 3
- Wattage 1: 60
- Bulb Base 1: C
- Chain or Rod Length (in): 72
- Wire Length (in): 120
Crystorama BRI3009SA Six Light Chandelier Brielle Antique Silverby Crystorama Lighting(18)
SALE
$556$694
Free Shipping
The Brielle Collection is an organic mix of glamour and elegance. The hand painted metal finish offset organic, natural textured Capiz shells to form the luminous elegance of this fixture.
- Six Light Chandelier
- Collection: Brielle
- Finish: Antique Silver
- Width: 36.00``
- Height: 22.50``
- Length: 14.00``
- Safery Rating: Damp
- Safety Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Bulbs: 6 X Candelabra 60.00W
- UL Approved
- Hardwired
- Bulbs not included
Perla 5 Light Antique Gold Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(1)
$998
Free Shipping
Layers of crystal jewels are arranged on a simple, clean frame creating optimal sparkle. Hand painted shimmering ribbons of metal, the Perla balances individual faceted crystal, totaling 64 precise cuts, allowing for maximum light refraction. The result is a vibrant, flowing fixture that balances traditional values with a contemporary mindset. A perfect compliment to any space, this chandelier is sure to amaze.
- UL Approved: Yes
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
- Number of Bulbs: 5
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Maria Theresa 12 Light Clear Crystal Gold Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(118)
SALE
$614$994
Free Shipping
Draped in an abundance of crystal, the Maria Theresa collection is the epitome of high style. The fixture is stunning with glass arm frame decked with strands of faceted cut crystal. The fixture showcase opulence and decadence and is the perfect traditional accent to any space. Whether in a living room, or even closet or hallway, this fixture bring a luxurious addition to any decor.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 12
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Crystorama Lighting Group 5623 Hampton 3 Light 14"W Crystal - Antique Brassby Crystorama Lighting(25)
$270
Free Shipping
Product Features:
- Finish: Antique Brass
- Light Direction: Ambient Lighting
- Width: 14"
- Height: 17"
- Genre: Contemporary, French Country
- Bulb Type: Incandescent
- Number of Bulbs: 3
- Number of Tiers: 1
- Fully covered under Crystorama Lighting Group warranty
- Location Rating: Indoor Use
Crystorama 518-GA 6 Light Chandelier in Antique Gold with Silkby Crystorama Lighting(11)
SALE
$450$700
Free Shipping
Layers of individual wrought iron leaves deliver a stunning, unique and functional light . The tailored elegance of the shimmering metallic florals are perfect for a transitional home though versatile enough to be incorporated into any modern design. While perfect for a bedroom, living area, or kitchen, it can be used anywhere you want to add a bit of glam.
There is undeniable magic when light meets exquisite crystal and glass. The family-owned design house of Crystorama has been celebrating this marriage for more than 60 years in its lighting creations. Crystorama is known for its standout lighting, which is exceptional in quality and design. With every chandelier it manufactures, Crystorama draws upon its history, knowledge, and legacy of stellar craftsmanship, and then embraces modern shapes, inspirations, and materials. From traditional all-crystal designs, to princess mini chandeliers, to even transitional lighting collections, Crystorama offers styles that will match any decor and are always in fashion.
There is undeniable magic when light meets exquisite crystal and glass. The family-owned design house of Crystorama has been celebrating this marriage for more than 60 years in its lighting creations. Crystorama is known for its standout lighting, which is exceptional in quality and design. With every chandelier it manufactures, Crystorama draws upon its history, knowledge, and legacy of stellar craftsmanship, and then embraces modern shapes, inspirations, and materials. From traditional all-crystal designs, to princess mini chandeliers, to even transitional lighting collections, Crystorama offers styles that will match any decor and are always in fashion.
- Broche collection features a versatile transitional design.
- A marriage of traditional and contemporary equate a classic and timeless design that focuses on simplicity and sophistication.
- Its white silk drum is dressed with delicate metal leave accents.
- Antique Gold metal finish is a popular choice with homeowners. The finish has a rich color and texture with warm undertones.
- 24''W x 31''H
- Authorized for use in dry interior locations. Meets United States UL Underwriters Laboratories Product Safety Standards.
- Inspired by Jewelry, the Broche features unique rhythmic pattern of the hand painted metal leaves.
- Glass/Shade Material : Silk
- Overall Height : 104"
- Canopy/Backplate Dimensions (In) : W5" X H0.75"
- Number Of Bulbs : 6
- Wattage : 60
- Bulb Base : E12 Candelabra
- Bulb Included : No
- Voltage : 120V
- Is Dimmable : Yes
- Sloped Ceiling Compatible : Yes
- Shade Shape : Drum
- Shade Dimensions : W 24" X H 9.25"
- Shade Color : White
- ChainRod : Chain: 72"
- Wire Length : 120"
- Dual Mount Convertible : No
Maria Theresa 12 Light Clear Italian Crystal Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(57)
SALE
$708$974
Free Shipping
Draped in an abundance of crystal, the Maria Theresa collection is the epitome of high style. The fixture is stunning with glass arm frame decked with strands of faceted cut crystal. The fixture showcase opulence and decadence and is the perfect traditional accent to any space. Whether in a living room, or even closet or hallway, this fixture bring a luxurious addition to any decor.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 12
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Libby Langdon for Crystorama Sylvan 8 Light Polished Nickel Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(12)
$1,000
Free Shipping
A striking geometric statement, the Sylvan collection pairs Libby Langdon's signature classic design with a modern flair. The delicate lines of the shapely frame, combined with the precisely balanced arms and simple, tailored shade, create a clean, transitional feeling with a distinct, modern flair. Stylish, modern and minimal, Sylvan brings luxurious appeal to a variety of interior spaces.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 8
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Rylee 8 Light Antique Gold Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(1)
$1,398
Free Shipping
A traditional Empire shape meets modern elements in Crystorama's Rylee Collection. A circular-shaped hand painted frame gives this fixture a vintage, distressed look, while the beads lend to a bohemian style flare. In a perfect combination of texture and materials, the Rylee creates a rich visual impact to any space.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 8
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Solaris 6 Light Silver Sphere Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(18)
$350
Free Shipping
Less is more with the sleek minimalist Solaris collection. Inspired by artwork at the MoMA in New York, the Solaris Collection is the perfect marriage of form and function. The fixture combines thin, swiping arms with a sculptural, sphere-shaped wrought cage. Whether the look is rustic, boho, modern or a transitional vibe, this light is as versatile as it is stylish.
- Number of bulbs: 6
- Wattage: 60 W
- Bulbs are not included
- UL, CUL and CSA listed
Bleecker 8 Light Chandelier, Aged Brass (AG)by Crystorama Lighting(4)
SALE
$836$1,194
Free Shipping
This 8 light Chandelier from the Bleecker collection by Crystorama will enhance your home with a perfect mix of form and function. The features include a Antique Gold finish applied by experts.
- Finish: Antique Gold
- Crystal: Clear Glass
- Material: Steel
- Included Suspension: Rods: (1) 6" + (3) 12"
- Lead Wire: 120.00
- Width: 36.00 in.
- Height: 16.00 in.
- Max Height: 61.00 in.
- Extension/Depth: 16.00 in.
- Backplate/Canopy Width: 7.79 in.
- Backplate/Canopy Thickness: 0.75 in.
- Weight: 30.00 lb.
- Voltage: 120
- Wattage: 60.00
- Safety Rating: UL, CUL, CSA, Dry
- Title 20 Approved
- Bulbs Included: No
- Primary Bulb(s): 8 x 60.00 watts E12 Candelabra
- Country of Origin: CN
Imperial 12 Light Italian Crystal Chrome Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(10)
SALE
$766$1,094
Free Shipping
Classic like a timeless piece of jewelry, the Imperial collection dazzles with traditional glamour. This lavish fixture is decorated with swags of faceted cut crystal jewels, optimally cut for awe inspiring sparkle. The fixture adds the perfect bit of glam to any room, and is sure to catch the eye and the light.
- Bulbs: Not included
- Listing (UL, ADA, CUL or CSA): UL, CUL, CSA
OUTSIDE LIGHTS:
- Total # Lights: 12
- # of Lights 1: 8
- Wattage 1: 60
- Bulb Base 1: C
- # of Lights 2: 4
- Wattage 2: 60
- Bulb Base 2: C
- Chain or Rod Length (in): 72
- Wire Length (in): 120
Layla 6 Light Antique Silver Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(8)
SALE
$643$998
Free Shipping
Wafer-thin discs of metal add a fashionable flair to the Layla Collection. Concentric metal disc are artfully placed creating a contemporary elegance. A versatile and chic design is a perfect fit with any decor.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 6
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Hampton 8 Light Drum Shade Chrome Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(7)
$900
Free Shipping
You can't go wrong with a classic like the Hampton, a elegant transitional light that looks good in any room of the house. Stylish, modern and minimal, the fixture features a shimmering drum shade on a stately frame draped with smooth teardrop almond crystals. Whether in a formal or relaxed setting this fixture is sure to be the focal point of any room in the house.
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 8
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Crystal Ring Modern/Contemporary Orb Chandelier 32" Wideby Gallery(22)
$600
Free Shipping
Crystal ring Chandelier Modern / Contemporary Lighting Floating Orb Chandelier 32" Wide - Good for Dining Room, Foyer, Entryway, Family Room and More ! Reminiscent of the Antique French Chandeliers of yesteryear, this beautiful lighting fixture features Crystal Beads which capture and reflect the light from its 12 bulbs. Truly a stunning chandelier, this fixture is sure to lend a special atmosphere anywhere it is placed. SIZE: H 6 W 32 / Comes with a 10 Foot Adjustable Cable / Lights: 9 Lights
- Please note, when you purchase an item from the Gallery you can be assured of the "Gallery 4 Points of Confidence":
- Each item comes with a Certificate of Authenticity, certifying this product is an authentic Gallery lighting fixture.
- Each item comes with a Gallery backed warranty (Established 1978).
- Each item will include Gallery verified and approved diagram and instructions.
- Each purchase is provided with a toll free number for free Gallery tech support. Requires (9) 40 Watt candelabra abse bulbs (E12) - not included. Not UL.
Broche 8 Light Antique Gold Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(4)
$1,398
Free Shipping
Layers of individual wrought iron leaves deliver a stunning, unique and functional light . The tailored elegance of the shimmering metallic florals are perfect for a transitional home though versatile enough to be incorporated into any modern design. While perfect for a bedroom, living area, or kitchen, it can be used anywhere you want to add a bit of glam.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 8
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs: Not included
Palla 1 Light Antique Silver Mini Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(17)
$598
Free Shipping
The Palla Collection is an organic mix of glamour and elegance. Each frame is fitted with hand pinned organic, natural textured Capiz shells and faceted cut crystal jewels inside overlapping metal circles giving depth and dimension. Whether the look is rustic, boho, or a coastal vibe, this light is as versatile as it is stylish.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 1
- Wattage: 100
- Bulbs: Not included
Windham 6-Light Chandelier, Antique Goldby Crystorama Lighting(8)
$1,198
Free Shipping
The Winham chandelier is a sparkling masterpiece when placed as a focal point to a room. It's wrought iron frame finished in Antique Gold features countless strands of multi-sized faceted cut crystal jewels reflecting prismatic light. Place in a dining room living room or bedroom for a touch of glam.
- Number of Bulbs: 6
- Wattage: 60
- Voltage: 120v
- Bulb Included: No
- UL Listing: UL CUL CSA Dry
Arcadia 9 Light Chandelier, Goldby Crystorama Lighting
$1,598
Free Shipping
- The simple crystal draping of the Arcadia, gives it a wow factor.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 9
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Crystorama Maria Theresa 9-Light Hand Cut Crystal Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(3)
$1,495
Free Shipping
For centuries, Maria Theresa style of crystal chandeliers has been a sign of wealth, style, and class. In keeping with the time honored traditions of our European artisans, Crystorama's Maria Theresa collection offers a variety of finishes and crystal combinations. Crystorama chandeliers combine high-style design with premium materials and manufacturing techniques.
- Gold Finish
- Made of Glass
- Clear Hand Cut Crystals
- (9) 60W Candelabra Bulbs
- Part of the Maria Theresa Collection
- Style: Traditional
- UL, CUL Listed
- Overall Dimensions: 26"(W) x 23" - 59"(H)
- Chain/Rod Length: 36"
- Wire Length: 72"
- Item Weight: 32 lbs.
Calypso 8 Light Crystal Teardrop Bronze Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(5)
$1,398
Free Shipping
Elegance and glamour will illuminate the room with the Calypso collection. Draped in an abundance of smoothed shaped clear drops and balls, this contemporary collection is a perfect statement to a living room, dining room, bathroom, or entry.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 8
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs: Not included
Crystorama Lighting Group 5014-CL-MWP Ashton 4 Light 16"W Crystal - Englishby Crystorama Lighting(3)
SALE
$262$550
Free Shipping
Product Features:
- Finish: English Bronze
- Light Direction: Ambient Lighting
- Width: 16"
- Height: 20.5"
- Genre: French Country, Tuscan
- Bulb Type: Incandescent
- Number of Bulbs: 4
- Number of Tiers: 1
- Fully covered under Crystorama Lighting Group warranty
- Location Rating: Indoor Use
Crystorama Traditional Crystal 5-Light Clear Crystal English Bronze Chandelier, English Bronzeby Crystorama Lighting(24)
$500
Free Shipping
Traditional crystal lighting fixtures are classic, timeless, and elegant. Crystorama's opulent glass arm chandeliers are nothing short of spectacular. This collection is offered in a variety of crystal grades to fit any budget and looks fantastic in any space.
Crystorama chandeliers combine high-style design with premium materials and manufacturing techniques. Through intelligent product development and the use of smart package design, Crystorama maintains lower damage rates in lighting.
Crystorama chandeliers combine high-style design with premium materials and manufacturing techniques. Through intelligent product development and the use of smart package design, Crystorama maintains lower damage rates in lighting.
Details:
- Primary Material: Steel + Crystal
- Finish: English Bronze
- Crystal Type: Clear Hand Cut
Dimensions:
- Overall Height: 94.5"
- Canopy/Backplate: 5"W x 1"H
- Chain/Rod Length: 72"
- Wire Length: 120"
Lighting Specifications:
- Number of Lights: 5
- Bulb Base: Candelabra
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs Included: No
Rylee 4 Light Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(4)
$548
Free Shipping
- Convertible, can be installed as a ceiling mount or chandelier.
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- Number of Bulbs: 4
- Bulbs Included: No
- UL Listed: Yes
- Bulb Wattage: 60
- Hardwire or Plug: Hardwire
Crystorama Rylee 3-Light Chandelier Antique Goldby Crystorama Lighting(10)
$398
Free Shipping
A traditional Empire shape meets modern elements in Crystorama's Rylee Collection. A circular-shaped hand painted frame gives this fixture a vintage, distressed look, while the beads lend to a bohemian style flare. In a perfect combination of texture and materials, the Rylee creates a rich visual impact to any space.
There is undeniable magic when light meets exquisite crystal and glass. The family-owned design house of Crystorama has been celebrating this marriage for more than 60 years in its lighting creations. Crystorama is known for its standout lighting, which is exceptional in quality and design. With every chandelier it manufactures, Crystorama draws upon its history, knowledge, and legacy of stellar craftsmanship, and then embraces modern shapes, inspirations, and materials. From traditional all-crystal designs, to princess mini chandeliers, to even transitional lighting collections, Crystorama offers styles that will match any decor and are always in fashion.
There is undeniable magic when light meets exquisite crystal and glass. The family-owned design house of Crystorama has been celebrating this marriage for more than 60 years in its lighting creations. Crystorama is known for its standout lighting, which is exceptional in quality and design. With every chandelier it manufactures, Crystorama draws upon its history, knowledge, and legacy of stellar craftsmanship, and then embraces modern shapes, inspirations, and materials. From traditional all-crystal designs, to princess mini chandeliers, to even transitional lighting collections, Crystorama offers styles that will match any decor and are always in fashion.
- Rylee collection features a versatile farmhouse and rustic design.
- A design that uses an emphasis on natural, organic, and raw materials to create an earthy and casual atmosphere.
- Convertible; can be installed as a wall mount or chandelier
- ILLUMINATION
- Bulb Type: E12 Candelabra
- # of bulbs: 3
- Max Wattage: 60
- Bulb(s) Included?: No
- Dimmable: Yes
- STYLE
- Finish: Antique Gold
- Collection: Rylee
- Canopy(inches): 5.12 x 5.12 x 1.06
- Wire/Cord Length(inches): 120
- Chain(inches): 72
- Material: Wrought Iron
- ADDITIONAL INFO
- Damp rated
- Safety Rating: UL,CUL,CSA
- Voltage: 120
- Weight: 12.7 lbs.
- Warranty: 1 year from shipment date. Terms and Conditions apply.
Southport 5 Light Sage Rose Chandelierby Crystorama Lighting(64)
$438
Free Shipping
The Southport collection is evocative of vintage tole fixtures. The whimsical wrought iron fixture features decorative hand painted flowers. Bring the beauty of nature into your dining room, entryway, or any other space which needs a bit of graceful floral accent.
- Listing: UL, CUL, CSA
- Number of lights: 5
- Wattage: 60
- Bulbs: Not included
