Did it flower (it can't set fruit without flowers)? You can "rejuvenate" it by cutting a few of the branches back into the center of the plant - that will force them to sprout leaves where the cut is. I don't think it will sprout leaves in the middle without doing that with or without fertilizer.

Wait and cut the stems after it blooms. That should give it time to react to the pruning, produce new foliage in that area and harden off that growth by fall. Next year, you could cut a few more (or you cut do it all this year).

If it flowers this year and still does not set fruit, you might want to get another one (one that is different from yours if you have a cultivar) to provide with cross pollination and fruit set:

Viburnum trilobum 'Wentworth'
Viburnum trilobum 'Compactum'
Viburnum trilobum 'Redwing' (may also be called 'J.N. Select')