It's hard to go wrong if you follow nature's example. When would the seeds naturally fall to the soil? Right about now.

None of should bloom the first year from seed, except maybe some shastas. They'll need to be vernalised. Also be aware that many perennial seeds need to go through stratification. IOW, they seed may need to be cooled to break its dormancy. So, how you accomplish that would depend on how you are starting your seeds. Under glass vs. direct inground sowing.

I typically start my perennial seeds in July or August and through the fall. My objective is to get them large enough to winter-over as seedlings or young plants in an unheated greenhouse for vernalisation. So, to determine when to start which perennial, I need to know how long the seed need to be stratified, and then add that time to how long it's going to take the seed to germinate after sowing, and then add to that how long it's going to take to reach a survival size to overwinter unheated. You cannot clump all perennials into one catagory, as you seem to already know. So, it's an info search on each one you sow, unless you have heated facilities in which to grow them on and can manipulate the stats to your liking.