Yes, aphids bring this viruses through sucking on younger leafs, because elder foliage has a harder skin: think you would like to bite in your leather boots.

Will the plant ever fight it off and stop it? Or will my pumpkin crop be ruined from this?

Plants are more or less tolerant depending on variety, climate and nutrition, but the virus persists in the seed.
I had Papaya Ring Spot Virus last year on some C. moschata and so I did not grow seed from their seed again.
Where do you grow so late in the season?
But when I look with my eyeglasses, I would say: try to fertigate zinc sulfate and forget aphids with MV, if it is not too late in the season to do anything.

Plants can still produce with mosaic, but they won't produce as much