We have one of these at a vacation home in Georgia. We found that the lowest layer of fronds tends to dry out each year, regardless of how you treat it. Those "stubs" you see are previous years' growth that has died, and been cut back to the trunk. Just be prepared for an annual job - and be careful. Those dead frond arms are full of very wicked sharp spikes!

Looks like it may have been planted upside down.

Looks like a Washingtonia robusta. It could be a Sabal palmetto but I can't tell for sure without seeing a better pic of the tree. Those dead "leaves" in your pic look like just some dried up petioles left on the trunk which is natural.

As for handling the teens, if it's a Washingtonia it probably will be pretty damaged by temps in the teens, but it should survive if the duration wasn't too long and they grow fast so it will outgrow its damage in one growing season usually. Sabal palmettos have few issues with temperatures briefly dipping into the teens and should be completely fine but they are a bit slower growing so it takes a bit longer to start looking good after getting damaged.

Good luck!
-Alex