It might be ok I have done that before and it lived. They are tougher when small in my opinion. I have broken the first root completely off and the palm lived. When I re pot them I have removed all the dirt without a problem as well.

If no dirt fell off, you will be fine. I would, however, not recommend removing dirt, particularly as these plants get older, as that can really set them back. Best to just pot up once they are crammed tightly enough a in a pot so that no dirt is dislodged, and then set in larger pot, are refill with more dirt (perferrably the exact same mix so there will be minimal reason for roots to not grow on out into it... palm roots do not like change).