Hello- my first post here.

I've been cleft-grafting to apple and pear for a few years with some success, but I'm still confused over some things and would be grateful for some clarification.

I've always stuck dormant scions to active stock, but some of my "dormant" scions were actually trying to bud out, and still succeeded. And I've read things about chip budding that specifically state that the rootstock can have either active or dormant vascular cambiums, and that fresh (resting) buds may be used if dormant budwood isn't available.

Could anybody recommend a good primer or some links? And of course, your own experience and comments would be even more useful.

Thanks for your help.

Mark