Appears to be a snout beetle or weevil of some kind. It would probably be helpful to know what kind of plant it's on. But, it might be exclusive to Australia.

It was on a beetroot leaf.

In that case:

http://www.sgaonline.org.au/weevils/

Likely: Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus)

This post was edited by larry_gene on Fri, Jan 16, 15 at 23:50

Dang. I shouldn't have let it live.

I've also picked off a couple dozen of these caterpillars from my beetroot leaves.

That weevil would be pretty common. If any of yours/neighbors landscape plants have notched leaf edges, it is weevils at work.

Your other pest is likely a moth caterpillar.