Quartz or well-sealed granite. Marble is very porous.

Quartz or if you don't want to spend a lot of money you can go with the old tried and true laminate.

Will the quartz withstand common products used in bathrooms, like acetone or hair color or dye?

yes on the acetone. i cannot comment on the hair dye.

don't order a whole slab whatever you choose. call your fabricator or visit the stoneyard and see what remnants they have available. they'll be cut to your size and finished the same as a whole slab would be for a fraction of the price.

We chose Quartz counter tops over marble for both our bath remodels last year. No issues so far. Unfortunately, we had to buy 2 whole slabs due to wanting two different looks. With many more patterns available today, you'll likely find lots of remnants to choose from. Good luck!