I was back in Spring this weekend and here are some more pictures of that odd gall and of the tree it's on. Can anyone identify the tree and gall? This picture shows perspective on the height of the tree--there were many of the same tree and taller in this cluster.

Close up of the leaves with small galls starting.

Leaves above with galls and older galls. Sorry for the quality of the picture below but this is a close up of the galls. The black one is a shriveled gall. When I pulled them off, there was nothing in them.