The dormant idea is certainly accurate but some plants are OK to repot at other times as long as you give it the care it needs to survive the repot or transplant. If you can't control the conditions by isolating the plant then also hope that nature is operating in the growing conditions range for the plant.

For example, certainly spring and summer would be a time when many people want to repot and transplant their plants.

Disturbing while dormant is more of a ground gardening/temperate plant thing. If, by potted plants, you mean tropicals kept in the house, it's usually recommended to disturb those while growing vigorously, as long as it's not too hot, because they don't have a natural dormancy. But speaking in generalities, without knowing anything about your location, is rarely as helpful as asking about the specific plants in question - and knowing where you are.

As a general rule of thumb, I would say that the beginning of the growing season is the best time for potting up.