They don't enjoy being repotted, which is why it's recommended to do it in the late spring when they can more easily bounce back. Repotting in fall, when it's going dormant, and repotting an already-stressed plant are both difficult to recover from. But, if it was suffering root-rot, I don't blame you for taking action. Another thing - putting few roots into a bigger pot means the soil tends to stay too wet, especially this time of year when the plant isn't really growing and taking up water. Lastly, I suggest a soil mix that has less peat content. You want something that will drain better and allows for more air-flow to the roots. There are lots of threads about soil mixes you can search/read.

Hi & welcome! A tree that size should have roots that fill the pot. Your plant is more often called a corn plant (Dracaena fragrans.) Many pics of them here:
https://garden.org/plants/view/76304/Corn-Plant-Dracaena-fragrans/

Tropical entities don't have a normal dormancy, and continually grow whenever conditions do not prohibit. If conditions deteriorate to the point where growth is no longer possible, there can be a dormancy in performance/temporary loss of vigor. At higher latitudes during winter, where days are much shorter and the sun is farther away, making the rays less intense during the few hours when they are shining, plants that do literally thrive in a bright but indirect sun spot can need some direct sun to maintain the same health and vigor.

There's a huge difference between potting-up and repotting. From your description, I'm not sure which was done for your tree.

What is necessary for plants to stay alive is for their roots to not rot, which can happen so easily in a pot with dense soils, like ground dirt, or bagged mixes of predominantly tiny particles of peat, (or to simply shrivel from simply never getting any water.) Having very little soil around the roots would make the soil dry more quickly, and for even the most dedicated plant-overwaterers to not rot the roots of their plants. This is not ideal, since most non-cactus plants are stressed by dry conditions, it's just a way of coping with soil that has little air in it when moist.

Negative experiences in regard to potting-up, where an undisturbed root ball is placed into a bigger pot with more soil around it, vs. doing a repotting, as described below, can give rise to old wives' tales about plants not liking to be repotted/disturbed. Potting-up a root-bound plant that has roots surrounding the outside root ball often lead to this negative experience because those roots had adapted to accessing oxygen around the outside of the root ball and surrounding them with more dense, soggy-but-airless potting soil will likely lead to suffocation.

The reason bonsai masters are able to keep potted entities alive for hundreds of years is because they care for the roots by trimming them and changing the soil. A plant grows from the roots-up, so if the roots are not healthy, gorgeous foliage will decline &/or no flowers can form. When you unpot a plant and find a pancake of roots at the bottom, chopping that off will give roots a chance to grow normally again for a while and will make removing the old soil easier.

Roots need oxygen & moisture at the same time to function. Just air = shriveling. Just moisture = suffocation & rotting. Either will cause root death and dessicated foliage because the roots have been unable to deliver moisture. Having to let soil dry, as if ones' tropical jungle plant was a cactus, is an unnecessarily stressful coping mechanism for non-desert dwelling plants in soil without enough oxygen for the roots to stay healthy when it is moist and can lead to premature loss of older leaves and in extreme cases, dry shriveled roots/dead plant.

The ability of roots to be able to function properly depends greatly on the soil structure/texture, which can change over time. Potting soil tends to be very dense, mostly peat, with very little air in it. Any kind of organic ingredients decompose into smaller bits over time, and roots fill air spaces over time as they grow through soil. Replacing soil periodically is usually necessary to keep plants healthy because of these reasons. A more porous, chunky, airy soil (like cactus/palm, if one is buying bagged,) can have more air in it even when it is moist because there is space between the particles. When there are tiny particles of any kind in a pot, such as peat, sand, silt, clay, they filter into all of the tiny spaces in a pot, eliminating the air. "Overwatering" is the label and manifestation when roots have suffocated and/or rotted, combo of both. Over time, organic bits decompose into smaller bits, so even the "best" soil, if it has organic components, will need to be replaced when this happens. The speed at which this happens depends on many variables, but on average, about 1-3 years.

Dracaenas are sensitive to fluoride in tap water, which can't evaporate. Lime in water can raise the PH, and if your water supplier uses a form of chlorination that can't evaporate, that can be a factor too. Using rain, distilled, and/or condensate from a dehumidifier or A/C can eliminate the risk of those substances being in the water and making your tree ill from cumulative "doses" over time.

You may spot other areas of potential improvement by reading this post:

http://forums2.gardenweb.com/discussions/1497307/ukeeping-u-them-looking-good?n=38