No

Definitely no for single trunked palms. The closest you can come to that is with clumping palms, those that produce multiple trunks. If you cut their trunk off a new one will grow. In fact, even if you don't cut the trunks off they will generally keep producing more.

You definitely cannot do what you describe. However, in rare cases the opposite can be achieved, i.e., first layering the top, and then cutting it off from the bottom. Palms have a growth point immediately beneath the foliage, and a root initiation zone, obviously near the roots. The growth of foliage cannot happen anywhere besides the growth point. (except with multi-stemmed or clustering palms, as noted by tropicbreezeent) However in some cases, roots can initiate higher on the trunk. But it's not at all a practical way to think of moving a palm, and would be considered very experimental. This thread talks about the topic:

http://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/46176-grow-palm-from-cutting/