I'm no expert on rose pests, but I'd say that most of the pictures you show are just tired leaves that the rose plant is shedding. The last two pictures might have a watering issue that triggers the rose to shed those particular leaves - too much or too little can have leaves shed - but I don't see anything I recognize as anything needing tending other than checking water levels, which I presume you do anyway in Utah.

It sounds like indeed the honeydew you describe is a side effect of having aphids, and the solution to both is streams of water and/or squishing the aphids. With that, the good bugs and birds will sweep in and help you take care of the aphids, so in both cases there's nothing chemical needed or even likely to be effective that I can see.

Cynthia