First make sure all those bulbs are LED 4000K that will help with keeping the colors true . I live walnut and white high gloss cabinets in a MCM kitchen but nor shaker cabinets . Maybe a dark gray for the lowers and a hite for the uppers could work if you matchen the gray in the island . I would however think long and hard about spending the money on having the cabinets painted since that is expensive and honestly should never be done DIY. If the layout is perfect for you then spend the money but if you think painting will improve function then no way.

The issue isnt the painting but that even if you do you won't have a MCM kitchen due to the style of the cabinets. If you wanted to come close to that look you would have a lot of modifying to do beside paint. Namely a MCM kitchen has flat front cabinets. Usually a different species of wood (although yours could suffice) different hardware and certainly no bump up in cabient heights as yours does do to microwave/hood configuration. I am not saying you can't get there, but it would take a lot of work besides just painting to do so.

These photos are examples of both MCM & what I would call Transitional MCM. In otherwords they have elements of that style but also have other features that would not be considered true MCM example stove hoods.

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editng the upper section...removal of a few..replacing doors w some frosted glass....maybe refacing the lowers and check if they can create drawers in the base cabs at the same time......a few options but get more details laid out to really make a difference. various costs on the different options so have a budget in mind. with the existing counter you could go darker below and the white above I think. but a few more things need to be thrown into the mix. have you thought of a hood by the way?

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Not so much making it MCM because of cost. Just the idea of 2 colors

at the lower eye level you have 4 things alreay: 2 different floors and an island base and 4th thing is the perimeter base cab shade..... Just pick the colors you so desire and what will you be covering w these shades..who is doing it and what will you pay. It has to all pull together and be worth it .