Plans with dimensions will get you good advice. Generally the cooktop is best on an outside wall with easy access to venting.

Personally, I think symmetry or balance are not necessarily relevant in kitchen design. That's especially true in a small kitchen. You need functional layout above all else. Unless you are expanding your kitchen footprint or moving doors or windows, your current layout is probably your best option. There aren't a lot of other good ways to fit fridge, range, sink, and DW all on the perimeter walls.

You will get the best suggestions by posting an overhead-view sketch with all dimensions fully marked, and adjoining spaces roughly sketched and labelled. If there's a better option, we need more info to spot it.

You need to provide a lot more info. Are you gutting the space ? If so then IMO you atsrt by appliance placement and have all the appliances on hand before the new space is planned. If all you are doing is replacing counters and painting then the new industion goes where the old one is ,If a redo then we need a to scale floor plan of the whole space all windows , doorways where those lead every measurement clerly marked . The drawing is usually easier on graph paper and post the drawing in a comment here do not start another post .

Just to be clear, are you against replacing your current stove with a same-size induction stove, in the same place?