Most of these can be grown indoors, but I don't know how you would go about acclimating them to it.

The areca palms, if they are Dypsis species, can be grown in bright filtered light, according to the Sunset western-gardening book. Sago palm might by Cycas revoluta; it can be grown as a house plant.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis will certainly survive indoors, but I am not sure that it will flower on window light alone. Small hibiscus plants are often grown as house plants, and in cold climates larger ones have to be brought indoors for the winter.

Caladiums need shade and should adapt to growing indoors. It is hard to be sure about croton (Codieaum variegatum?), because some varieties want shade and some want sun. Indoors, try bright light and provide humidity.

Bird's-nest fern (Asplenium nidus?) is often grown indoors for the winter and moved out for the summer (it is not completely hardy even in my neighborhood in Los Angeles), but outdoors it requires shade.

Lantana require full sun and might not succeed indoors without artificial lighting.

Sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas) is another plant that gardeners in cold climate sometimes bring in for the winter. Outdoors in grows in full sun, but since it is not grown for flowers, moderate light indoors may be sufficient.

I'm sorry if I'm being pedantic about the scientific names, but I want you to be able to decide whether we have the same species in mind. Too many plants have the same common names: is "laurel" Laurus nobilis or Kalmia latifolia or Magnolia virginiana, or one of the other twenty or so different plants called laurel?

Unless your new balcony is pretty big, i'd think twice about keeping the boug. Those thorns! Most balconies don't get enough sun to keep them blooming lushly anyways. If you gave it away you'd have room to leave the hibiscus outside where it would have a much greater chance to keep blooming for you.