They are budded, either T-budded or chip budded. The bad angle is probably just the way it decided to grow. Someone could be producing them by some other means but all of the ones I have seen were budded.

You can graft to any good piece of wood. I probably have a few grafts on grafts on grafts by now.

Scott

Right...or bark grafted, you can top work each branch, [larger tree in picture] my nursery is about 50% test work for hardiness on new varieties, I wouldn't want too many on one tree, it seems the more you put on, the more the tree get's you into trouble down the road.

Here is a link that might be useful: Konrad's bark grafting...

Somehow the picture didn't show up

{{gwi:65058}}

Thank you Scottfsmith and konrad for your posts.
Konrad, I had read your thread about modified bark grafting sometimes ago. However, the bottom part of the graft is not clear to me from the picture. Is the scion bottom part inserted by pushing inside the bark of the receiving wood or is the bottom part of the scion T-budded by cutting and slipping the bark over the scion bottom part? Also, why do you take chance by using such a long scion? I thought the vigour of the lower buds will compensate for the height.

Anyway, you have done wonders in your acrage in Zone 3. I have no such luck even in Zone 5a Ottawa which is not as far North. I guess our summer are cooler and less sunny than prairies.

Thank you ottawan!
Yes, the scion is pushed under the bark.
Most of the scion have 2 to 3 buds, if I see a good size root stock, I have 3, very seldom 4,...I think the Lapin cherry
in picture had 4 and it was grafted fairly high, it was a huge root stock to support nutrient to all 4 buds and at the end of the season,
I have a nice little tree with 4 branches and the healing of the join is better too.

Konrad