I would hazard a guess that Pseudosasa Japonica might be a good choice for you. If you get the oceanic moderation in winter Japonica may be hardy enough, does not need direct light and it is know to take salt spray with no problem. Salty soil is tough for bamboo, thus it may be wise to try the Japonica first. Perhaps other New England old salts on this forum will chime in...

I am just a new bamboo lover, but I can give you my 2 cents here :)
yes, bamboo can grow by you :))If your house is facing the ocean side, than your back yard is facing North, I don't think the salty wind or soil have anything to do with your yard, the thing you have to put in consideration is what size of boo you want? and you should only get the cold hardy to 0 degree culming type of bamboo, the reason is if you buy a running kind of bamboo, it will only take two years for your bamboo growing into your neighbor's yard :)and the weather in Brooklyn hasn't gone down below zero for the last 5 years... with some mulching in the winter by you, the 0 cold hardy bamboo should do for you, BTW how far are you from Stillvill Ave ? where all the subways are ? I still own a house in Gravesend by the Q and D Kings Highway station... I travel between AR and NY every two months... if you need any help you can email me, and I will try to help what I can... I am growning about 5 different bamboos now and they are all Running type of bamboos and won't go for you, but next spring when I coming back, I will bring some back and plant it in my back yard just to get even with my nasty neighbor! I don't have a tree, but he has a HUGE tree right on the property line, and cover my entire yard... but that's another story...