I have hostas growing under my maple tree, but mine are crimson king maples and sugar maples. Silver Maples are a lot messier to deal with. I'm thinking if you keep them in their pots if there are tree roots it might eventually "push" them up out of the ground. But that's just a thought. I would just try to plant some cheaper hostas right into the ground. Some other plants I have had luck with under my maples are: Trilliums, Bergenia, Goatsbeard, yarrow, sedum, heucheras, tirella, and columbines if you wanted some other ideas also.

Tree roots will grow where there are necessary nutrients and moisture. Silver Maples are not alone in this requirement. The Eastern Dogwoods (Cornus floridus) are one of the most difficult trees to cultivate under.
Two rules must be observed when planting under trees; #1 - When watering the plants under them, water the entire area equally,at least out to the tree's drip line. #2 - If you use fertilizer, apply it equally over the entire root area of the tree.
You can establish raised beds under the Maples, up to about 4" high, no more, using a pine bark fines, compost and soil mixture. When planting, place the plants between the larger tree roots.
I have 4 Silver Maples among many other types of trees on my property and most of my largest Hostas are under them.
Companion plants include Ferns & Spikemosses, many Native plants, Iris, Azaleas, Camellias, Hydrangeas, Astilbes, Helleborus, Terrestrial Orchids, (including Yellow Lady Slippers and several species of Calanthe), WIld Ginger, Japanese Maples, Rohdea, Solomon's Seal and Ivy(drat!).
After 20 years of shade gardening, I don't even consider the type of tree that I am planting under, unless the plant will not bloom in evergreen deep shade.
BTW, I seldom use fertilizer, preferring to use a compost top dressing each year. With all of the trees, I have an ample supply readily available.
Rb

Find a wholesale greenhouse or nursery supply house, get shade or landscape cloth treated with "spin out". Spin out is I think copper mixed with latex paint which will repel roots. You may find spin out treated planting bags, use fairly large bags because they don't allow hosta roots out either.

A bit of work on the front end but then you are finished except to see that tree roots don't grow over the top.

i dont care what you do ... nor what you spend... you will have problems in the ground under maples ....

if it were me... and killing the maple isn't an issue ... i would grow them in pots above the ground under maples.. and i bet they will still grow roots into the pots ....
plastic pots ... and put those inside fancy pots if you want ...

winter storage shouldn't be all that much of a problem for you .... may peeps do it ...

go for the weed hosta... the undulatas.. lancifolia .. but put the foo foo fancy hosta in pots and take proper care of them ....

good luck

ken