I don't know if Dogwood roots from cuttings, but as long as it's blooming and leafing, leave it as is, willows and all.
Any lenticular action on the stem? This would show as a white styrofoam or popcorn texture on the lower portion of the stem over the lenticles, or pores.
This is an indication that undifferentiated "stem" cells are forming and roots are in the works.

Yes they can be started from cuttings, but I would not have tried your method. You are already into it and I would continue as is, maybe covering with plastic to prevent cuttings from drying out before rooting. Be patient and don't expect them to root like willow. Al

dampen some potting media.. insert in pot.. stink in plant.. cover with plastic bag.. keep bright but NO sun ...

its called a humidity dome.. and IF it can actually be done.. you will end up with roots in media.. rather than 'water' roots.. which might die on planting..

it shouldnt be hard to goggle 'dogwood propagation' .. and come up with a million more suggestions ... as AL said.. there are other.. better ways ..

ken