Use a sleek console table , a piece of art, and a few accessories to compliment the colors in the artwork. Be sure and measure first...you'll be a little height restricted for your art. See my photo below. I had a little more height to work with than you do....but just measure and you'll be fine :)

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I would suggest a larger chandelier and a console with a large vertical picture or mirror above it. I'm not sure that you need to/should paint your handrail since it appears close to the lighter tone in your front room wood flooring.

A larger chandelier or lantern light fixture is a must. As for your stair rails I think painting the entire thing white is a good (and safe) suggestion but perhaps painting it a darker tone to compliment the marble border in your entry would be of consideration also. A little drama goes a long way when it's subtly executed.

I would paint the railing black if your marble border is black but it looks dark green in the photo.