Maybe replace dishwasher with stainless and change cabinet hardware. Updating hardware can totally change the look of a kitchen.

I would go for something darker in the paint colour like the dark grey, doesn't look like you have a lot to paint but it would make a great impact, then add white or a pop of colour for accessories

If you don't know what you want to change, wait. :) There's nothing like living somewhere for a while to help you figure out what elements you like and which drive you a little crazy each day. Save your budget for the day when you realize you'll scream if you have to live with "X" one more day. :)

Have small canned lights put in the ceiling; it will modernize the whole room. See if the DW has a SS panel that you can flip over and slide into door.

HI -- Change what you dislike the most, first . Those are not the original 50's cabinets , so they do not look to bad , so perhaps a change of hardware for some modern chrome ones . Check for mis-tints paint and tile discount shops or the clearance room at any tile stores.