What do you want to accomplish? What is your budget?

Your arrangement looks quite practical. And I like the white cabinets. You could think about swapping out the hardware on them if you wanted a different look. You may also want to consider a counter depth refrigerator. They save a bit of floor space, which is nice for the galley kitchen.

For seating, I think a classic tulip or other pedestal style table would work well in this space. The simple lines of your parsons chairs would pair well with it.

I do recommend rethinking the scatter rugs. What you have is chopping the space up a bit. Consider one interesting runner instead.

Get new hardware for your cabinets (oil rubbed bronze or chrome - can keep the old look going by getting pulls for drawers) and get a cabinet depth fridge. More $ but it won't stick out and should be flush with your cabinetry. Can't tell from the pic, but could you do a window seat under that window? Floors look nice :-)

I'd say new countertops and small fridge. For the table I would remove the shelving and have a corner banquet and a few chairs that don't match.

As for the rugs either one long one or two that are the same color and size!