It's an interesting idea, but, in my experience...no. The rhizomes are likely to go wherever they want.

Aside from installing a barrier your best bet would probably be a few layers of some heavy (10mil++) clear plastic over the section that you don't want it in. Be aware that this will solarize (google for more info) the soil and kill everything (good, bad or indifferent). It should keep the bamboo out of that area due to the lack of moisture and excessive heat. Cut all the culms to ground level or slightly below before you lay the plastic.. After a month or two I'd spread some mulch over the area just for aesthetic purposes. You'll want to do it once shooting ceases for this season, if not they'll just push right through it..

10 Mil Clear Polyethylene

Be liberal with water and fertilizer on the area that you're trying to increase growth.. Again, I've never done this and it's just theory, but worth a shot if you don't want to install a barrier.. You could also dig up and sever the rhizomes (culms attached) and replant in the desired location rather than just destroying them..

Good luck! I warn mine to not go past the fence, but do they listen? NOOOOOOOO, of course not! Then the township comes along and cuts them down and I'm sure that hurts like crazy.
Regarding a barrier with plastic mulch, not sure how well that would work, if it gets hot enough maybe that'll discourage their rhizomes? If it doesn't, you will know next year as the new culms push up through the plastic. They were (shaded) pushing up my plastic 'duckie pool' (it's actually an old plastic sand box turtle thing that MIL gave us), it was full of water and the new culms were tilting it up! And then the culms were also pushing up this 2" concrete slab that I had laid near the boundary of last years growth.