Deciduous trees won't provide privacy in the winter months. 20 years ago I paid about $1200/per tree for very large trees (about a 6 inch diameter trunk) to be installed. This was the end of season 1/2 sale price from a nursery about a mile from my house. A few years later I paid about $300/tree for some large evergreens including installation. Again, very significant end of season sale with an additional discount for purchasing about a dozen trees. Pricing will vary depending first on your location and second--time of year.

All trees will have roots that grow under fences and sidewalks.

Just a thought, but if this is an established neighborhood, you need to consider how trees, privacy fencing will affect your neighbors too if you want to be a welcome part of the community. How will the shade they produce alter existing neighbors landscaping (could they shade out things that have been growing well in full sun), the roots as you've already mentioned, leaf and tree litter into their yards or gutters, driveways.

And, taller more mature trees will not only be more expensive, they may be harder to care for successfully initially than smaller younger specimens that have done more of their growing in place.

Good point re neighbors but where we plan on outing the trees it wouldn't impact on neighbors. We just want privacy from the fence adjacent to the street.

Pics are working now! Here's the other:

We had some trees - I think they were hemlock? - separating our pipestem house from the house in front of us, they are evergreen and grow really fast. They had been planted by the developer. There were never any issues with the roots on our lawns but we did not have a fence.

Is there an HOA? There might be restrictions on what you can plant and/or build on the deck.

I assume a HOA is a home owners association? No, none that I am aware of.

What state/zone?

I think Arborvitae would be great along the fence. You'll get the height to provide privacy, but they won't take up too much width on your property.

I've used clumping bamboo to block some neighbors and that has worked very well and pretty fast. I'm in So. CA so it might not be an option for your climate.

Winnipeg, Canada.

Young trees will root better. You have to wait about three years before they start to 'take off' in size. Planting trees along your property lines won't give you privacy in the raised kitchen or on the raised deck for a long time -- and then, primarily in the summer. I'd plant some 'high canopy' type trees inside the yard, closer to the house. Maples form dense canopies.

Partially enclosing the deck would help. Arbor Vitae planted around the base of the deck would provide screening -- maybe too much screening, making the deck look even smaller.

Cedars? We have lots of them here in northeast MI and they grow quite tall and have no leaves to drop. They are very pretty in a row.

kathyg: yes we've been told we can get some Pyramid Brandon cedars that are already 9-10 feet tall. That'd give us an immediate 3-4 feet of extra privacy.

Arborvitaes, Leyland Cypress, Cedars are all evergreen and very fast growing.