Looks like mole damage. I had similar issues when seeding. I guess they like digging in the wet soil for worms. The tunnels were very shallow seemed to keep extending before my very eyes and sure enough, as I was walking the area, I caught a glimpse of the dirt moving. It felt me coming and was trying to do a 180 inside the tunnel and run away. A few seconds later he went to mole heaven and that resolved the problem permanently.

Thanks. Ugh I REALLY don't want to kill anything. I don't know when I turned into an animal lover freak. There's two neighborhood cats that roam my yard daily .... maybe i'll start leaving cat treats outside to encourage them to hunt.

Yorkshire Terriers are great hunters, they will catch moles/rats/mice etc.

I used Dylox earlier this year when moles were ripping up my renovation. That seemed to do the trick: it killed the grubs they were feasting on.

A couple weeks later, I noticed some new tunnels. Sprayed Ortho MoleBGon (castor oil and peppermint oil) and installed some of those solar sonic spikes.

Haven't seen any moles since.

Im curious about the solar spikes. They range in price so much i'm wondering if they work. What brand / price were yours?

Also, in southern Virginia, when are these guys going to "go away" naturally for winter? First freeze? After a few freezes? Not sure i can wait them out its going to be months before its actually cold here if its like last year.