IMO glass blocks look awful. Use a shower curtain, white is always clean looking and up to date.

Yes you can use glass blocks, but I would expect the material and labor to be more expensive than just glass panels, and you have to make sure the floor slopes to the drain if you aren't making it an enclosed shower.

Glass block is a dated look. Photos and measurements (post them here as comments) will get you more help.

Glass blocks are very outdated. I would opt to do a decorative curtain or even a single glass panel instead of a full door.