You did not say where are you or what variety this camellia is but, considering that it is summer, many camellia leaves will develop similar leaf damage when exposed to too much sun. Japonica leaves for example, have a hard time with Summer sun (they are ok in the Spring and Fall when the sun is not as strong).

As you can probably guess from my location, my japonicas get morning sun only in the Summer, until 11am or so. A few that are in a more protected winter location get Summer sun from around 11am - 1pm but those have a shade cloth as even that limited exposure caused problems in the Summer months. To make sure I do not get leaf issues with pests and fungi, I water only the soil via drip irrigation and never the leaves unless we hit the "daily 100s" and I have to water by hand one extra time per week.

Thanks. We are in the southern part of Australia and Winter is just setting in (currently having morning frosts and getting to 0 degrees overnight). I have no idea what type of camellia it is, and I can be sure that sun is not the issue as it gets very little and only late in the afternoon. I have another camellia to the right of this one that is fine, flowering well and much bushier. Appreciate your advice!

Not sure, but a possibility? From 'Growing Camellias in Cold Climates' by W.L. Ackerman.

Scab is a physiological condition associated with excess moisture or fluctuations of moisture from too high to too low. There is no biological agent associated with this condition and chemical sprays are ineffective. It is believed that improvements of drainage and growing conditions are the best possible controls. Symptoms of scab are rather varied. It usually appears as a tiny water soaked, and often raised area on the underside of the leaf. These spots enlarge may become corky, brown in color, and of irregular size and shape. They do not seem to affect the health of the plant.

The foliage looks a lot like Royal Velvet, whose leaves are more slender than oval and don’t curl very much. I am assuming “0 degrees” is referring to 0 ºC, since that’s the scale in Australia. At 0 ºC/32 ºF, I don’t think cold damage will occur on a camellia japonica, especially not on a mature specimen like the one in the picture. They’ll likely survive nights at -10 ºC/14 ºF, if not lower, without a problem.

Did the scars on the leaves only appear recently, or could they be around for longer? I agree with Luis that the scars look more like sun scalds. It is possible for a camellia to get damaged from too much exposure, if a deciduous tree that usually provides shade loses leaves in the fall. It doesn’t require too many hours of sun for this to happen, especially in winter, when the air is dry.

From your picture, the problem only seems to be on a small number of leaves, and the camellia still looks lush. I would consider the problem to be cosmetic and just leave the shrub be. It is likely fine and will bloom normally in time. If you find those leaves unsightly, then maybe prune them in spring.

OP's post is somewhat confusing, implying she has only recently started owning this camellia and the attached residence ;-)

I'm going to go out on a limb and posit that this is very minor foliar damage from a heatwave in the prior summer. When AU has heatwaves, they are like western US heatwaves, not SE US ones, with blistering dry air. Camellias, being from summer wet East Asia, do not cotton to such conditions, even if watered. They must have overstory shade and vigorous new growth is most susceptible if sun exposed, which seems to be what we see. It's basically nothing to worry about since it isn't seriously impacting the plant in this case, which is probably in a town where summers are usually mild. Probably doesn't happen most years.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/victoria-hit-with-first-heatwave-of-the-summer/8253252