Yes, though some are more suited to growing in containers than others. It'll be important to use a planting mix that drains well. You might try asking about that on the Container Gardening forum.

Do you have a particular size and shape/habit that you're looking for? Tall and thin, round, etc.? Maybe some examples of grasses you've seen and liked?

The grass you choose would make all the difference in the answer. A 5 gallon pot could handle a Pennisetum or Calamagrostis 'Karl Foerster' for example, but not a Miscanthus or Erianthus. And keep in mind that anything in a pot needs to be hardy at least one zone colder than you are. And, of course, the shape of the pot itself will dictate to some extent the size and shape of the grass.