adding to my post above...

Yeah using urine sounds , ugh. but it does work, on my deer anyways. I have no proof but me thinks the aroma turns off their appetite plus it may indicate a "marked" area. I do not put it on the intended plants, just nearby. Refresh as needed. But for Moose, I dunno? You may be the first to test it on Mooses ;- )

Do you have anecdotal proof? As in they stopped once you put urine out. Can’t hurt to try this method no cost to it

Konrad, I sure could use a dozen of those around my yard!

Vgkg, I agree that human urine does work rather very well. I like your idea of placing a container at the base of a tree ... though, I'm gonna try tying some higher up at deer nose height. As urine sits and putrefies, it then works even better, just plug your nose, lol. I provide my fruit trees and shrubs with some form of winter deer / moose protection, though to those that I don't get around to doing so, I'll periodically (and after winter rains) splash the stinky urine on them, this includes cedars and whatnot. I have at times diluted it half with water, though have never experienced any damage to conifers even at full strength. The odor is powerful and you don't need to be drenching specimens in it and thankfully, to the human nose, the scent soon mostly dissipates, though remains effective especially if frozen to the tree / shrub.

Do you have anecdotal proof? As in they stopped once you put urine out. Can’t hurt to try this method no cost to it

I can say that when I forget to refresh the urine I get more attacks on the garden. Not just from deer but most all 4 legged critters like rabbits, groundhogs, etc. It doesn't seem to affect skunks though, I rarely get garden damage from skunks but they'll pass right by the urine and enter the garden to dig for grubs.

As urine sits and putrefies, it then works even better, just plug your nose, lol.

Absolutely! I collect and save mine during the winter months when there's no garden to really protect, other than the fruit trees bark. As it ages and becomes more odorous the deer probably think that a Bigfoot is in the area.

I also use urine in the summer, again with very good results when the stuff is sprayed on plants ( I wear a mask ) ... though, one must be much more vigilant and often daily evening applications are necessary due to rain, doing so can become very tiring. We have many friends and visitors that drop by and smelling potent stinky urine containers all over the place doesn't go over very well, so I restrict their use to the fringes of the garden. Ten years ago, I had used several ScareCrow sprinklers to effectively protect the main vegetable garden, two of them had worked flawlessly for seven summer seasons! Though, when I had required new ones, none of the four that had been purchased over the last two years were at all reliable in their activation, even with expensive brand new batteries. Seems that ScrareCrow is no longer using the same reliable components as in the past and I contacted the company regarding such and also received a refund on the defective devices.

Anyways, a strong high fence is always the best solution, though is expensive and many of us are unable to afford such, an electric fence is something I should look into.

Apparently...hanging Irish soap into the tree works, think I've got too many trees to do this lol. Have any of you tried?

Actually...last year I've purchased 8foot game fencing to keep them out, just need to install it, I went with 10foot steel T post which can be driven in with a pipe pounder, I've made one up ready to go.