Could you unfasten the sink cabinet and pull it forward a few inches so that it's deep enough to accommodate a standard sink? It would require reworking the cabinet, matching the existing finish and having an offset in the counter top. There's another problem; the 30 inch width probably means a double bowl sink won't fit. Beyond that, it doesn't sound like a dishwasher will fit in these shallow cabinets. If I were you, I'd replace the lower cabinets!

Get a shorter single bowl sink and put the faucet on an end. Symmetry is overrated.