I would create surround below the bay window, hiding the cantilevered portion entirely. The bed near the door is small, so fill the whole thing with single type annuals for color. Consider a different bed line and tie the foundation planting to the hedge, since it is close, and fill the space with groundcover.

I wonder if the problem of standing water is a result of having too few downspouts in the front. It looks like the runoff from the left 2/3 of the roof in two levels is all being directed to the far left. (Do you ever notice sheets of water coming over the front gutter in a heavy downpour?) What if you put a downspout to the right of the entry and direct that flow to a rain garden a bit on the right side of the yard?