Power wash.

I've gotten remarkable results on concrete by scrubbing with TSP and a stiff brush. Try to get the real stuff, rather than TSP substitute. Rinse thoroughly.

You might try muriatic acid for the white deposits. Use as directed on the bottle.

Don't use both at the same time.

Scrub with Barkeeper's Friend could help.

If you get it to your satisfaction you should probably seal it.

After cleaning it up you could also checkout concrete stain.

Those stains are what is known as efflorescence, and result from minerals precipitating out of moisture in the wall. You can probably improve the look with the scrubbing techniques described above (other than Barkeeper’s Friend), but it’s also likely to reappear.

That is a previously painted wall. Pressure wash and paint anew with concrete/driveway paint. Many colors available.