Depending on the type of magnolia, yes. Looks like you had a few pretty cold nights in March, with temps in the 20's and lower. Not so bad in April but still some nights below freezing interspersed with some much warmer ones. Below freezing temperatures following or mixed with warm ones in late spring can damage the flowering of a variety of deciduous magnolias

What kind of magnolia? Can you post a photo?

Our local Tulip magnolias also lost their floral buds this year, due to cold. It happens occasionally. Curiously, my Star Magnolias were unaffected.

Following on what gardengal48 wrote: the key circumstance is prior warm weather which triggers the magnolia's flower buds to start swelling, when moisture is moved up through the plant to "push" out the flowers. This onset of growth - followed by subfreezing weather - often can spell doom to these flower buds, whether they've opened and shown color or whether they've simply "fattened" with moisture. Freezing explodes the tender cells of the petals, etc. and eliminates their opportunity to go through the full expansion cycle of flowering. At least in layman's terms. Your botanist/plant biologist may explain it better.

If the buds do not start to swell/expand (stay dormant), they retain the opportunity to go through the flowering process.

In my part of Maryland, it was the worse year for magnolias in 15 years, and there's no reason to think it would be much different in Ohio.

if it set buds.. then its never a fert issue ...

and im going to guess you went significantly below 32 for an extended number of hours ... or multiple nights in that week ...which is common for me.. just north of toledo ..

id say one out of every 3 years.. i lose a bloom cycle ... thats ma nature at her cruelest ..

and 19 out of 20 years.. i have a wind storm the day those giant saucer mag flowers open ...

ken

oh.. one trick to SEE micro climates ...

as you drive around town... try to notice what areas have mags in bloom.. and which mysteriously dont ...

ken

I'm not sure what benefit local microclimates might be to the OP.......it's not like they are going to pick up and move to a more benign one!

"all the flower buds are falling off in the second week of April before flowering"

Maybe I haven't been very observant in past years, but I'm not sure I've ever seen unopened magnolia flower buds actuallyfall off shortly after a freeze event. Anyone else here think that's odd?

Thank you all for your reply. I guess mine is tulip Magnolia not sure (old photo attached)

At least in my area of west MD, the saucer magnolias (Asian) get burnt like this about every other year on avg. So they might be OK for several yrs, then flowers get burnt for several yrs. Its flowering timing is just not very suitable for much of the northeastern/midwest US.

The OP's tree does appear to be what is often called a "tulip magnolia", aka saucer magnolia. If the OP is in fact talking about swollen flower buds that simply fail to open normally, then VV's post above is a very good description of what is happening. But the way I read the original post was that the unopened flower buds were actually dropping to the ground shortly after the freeze, which IME would be very unusual.

As others have already said, frost/freeze damage to the flowers after they open is a relatively common occurrence. Photo below of freeze damage to the open flowers of a saucer magnolia just over a year ago (4/27/21). This one fared better than some of the others in the area.

Here is minor freeze damage that occurred several days ago (as the flower buds were just beginning to open), on my Centennial Blush magnolia (photo yesterday 4/21/22). The flowers have continued to expand, but there is scattered browning on the tips of the petals.

In my neighborhood the unopened buds turned brown and some fell off. Over night temps were in the teens to cause this.

same issue here in Birmingham , AL - don’t recall ever seeing it before. seems to be loosing excessive leaves as well (yellow and spotty 🤔)