Really hard to tell what's going on.

My first thought is that someone hit that corner with machinery, knocking out the bottom of the blocks. So they "repaired" them by slapping on some mortar.

As a builder, I wouldn't accept it. It's really no big deal for a block layer to knock out the damaged blocks and put in two new ones.

If those blocks will be above the finished grade, it's certainly not acceptable cosmetics. But not likely a structural concern.

If there is a basement, the lack of a plastic barrier dimple barrier or equivalent would be a fail where I am.

But in many US jurisdictions pretty much anything goes.

I know a piece of machinery didn't hit it. It was purposely placed. Here is another picture. Thank you for the reply.

I think they didn't square off the footing forms, the block is probably square or the framing would be off. I'm sure the block is level and plumb (hopefully). That footing projection they should have floated so the water will run off but if they said it will be parged most likely they will take care of that.

Very difficult to tell from the images.

Is the structure supported by posts or a stud wall?

Do you have drawings that show a building section or wall section?

My first thought was that it is a misaligned poured concrete footing that two courses of block are setting upon.

It would be unwise to rely on the opinion of an internet chatroom member regarding the structural capacity of a foundation from a photo.

That looks to have nothing to do with level (horizontal) and plumb (vertical). The first course (of your 3 course CMUs) was laid and for some reason didn't match the footprint dimensions. The mason cleared that up with the 2nd course. You now have a ledge. It would be nice if it was a mortar wash (nice even slope) instead of globbing on mortar like a cafeteria using an ice cream scooper to serve mashed potatoes. Easy enough to chisel off that blob and do a wash.

Better picture provided clearer explanations above.

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My comments are for pure entertainment purposes

Mark.. it is a stud wall. I just wanted to make sure i wouldnt have any structural issues later down the road. Seeing something put together like that is scary. Especially when block should be on top of block. Thank you.

If you are very concerned, then get advice from an independent structural engineer who can view the issue in person. Relying on internet advice gives you no recourse if you have "structural issues later down the road."