Other than wearing helmets, I can only advise to to seek guidance locally.

Kids are more flexible than adults. Find a thick pad to install.

I need a picture and honestly ho can we answer without one . How old are the kids ?

The house is 15 years old? Do you see any blood on the landing? Apparently the previous residents learned to cope.

Kids are below 5.

If anyone has a helpful answer on how to address the wall that juts out on the landing, I’d appreciate it.

Safety aside, have you encountered this before?

Please post pictures of the problem.

Can you put a tall potted plant or tree nestled in the corner? Or add a bench along the long axis of the wall? Or hang some art work? It looks like the wall is the same distance from the stairs as the walls at the other landings, so as long as there is something at the wall to draw attn., I don’t think they wil run into it. You could also get a contractor to see about removing it , but there will be a lack of flooring there.

Angle the drywall out to a 45 to steer you away from the wall?

I would live in the house for a bit before doing anything. Humans, including kids, are quite adaptable and I think it will soon be second nature to walk around that. If you're really worried, put some soft padding around it for now.

Pics required.

If it's a wall, so what? (Unless your kids regularly run into walls.) If it's a beam, it is not supported by the air in your stairway and could be cut off.

Pics required.

I assume he is requesting pictures of the wall, not your kids running into walls. Maybe both.

There is a handrail along the outside wall of the stairs, yes? In the US, I think there has to be, and I am not sure where you house is. But if there isn’t one, install one, and continue it at the top of the stairs all the way to that wall. The wall might extend a few cm out from it, but it will be enough to stop anyone from running into it.

A small tapestry or rug hung as art to pad it?

Signage?