Here is a picture of the lock if needed.

Can you see anything at that location on the side of the door when it’s open?

Why don’t you take it to a local glass shop? They will need to custom order the tempered glass if it can even be done. Not every frame is assembled so it can be taken apart.

Is there something that looks like a channel or a piece of weather strip between the screen frame and the door? If so, it might need to be pried out with a screwdriver.

What do the "bolts" look like from the other side? In our removable screens, there are pegs that need to be pulled back to remove the screen. I imagine your door is similar.