a pergola something like this, with a retractable canopy that you can adjust as needed.

How far from the house is it? Can you attach a pergola to the house for stability?

Sunsetter® awnings are also pretty sturdy.

Everything is threatened by strong winds unless you have an actual structure bolted down.

https://www.wayfair.com/outdoor/pdp/sunjoy-meadow-10-x-10-ft-pergola-outdoor-patio-brown-steel-classic-frame-pergola-with-retractable-white-canopy-shade-for-backyard-lkjp2921.html

Your pictures show some young trees coming along. That's good. You could plant some small ornamental trees --20-30 ft--quite close to the patio. Site them to the W/SW for shade from the hottest sun of the day, E/SE for shade from morning sun.

Without knowing where you are, can't really make any suggestions for what they should be, but any good nursery would be able to advise.

Well you've really enhanced the wind/sun issue by creating a pier out from your home.... When you say wind are we talking SD nonstop 10+MPH or breezes that keep the bugs at bay? A solid permanent structure is your best bet against winds of much force.

We have a tilting large umbrella with a super heavy based...I think 350lbs. It's great as you can easily position the umbrella to block the sun as it moves around. Easy to open and close, we take the umbrella into the shed for the winter.

This one from Home Depot is similar to what we have.

We have the same scenario (sun/wind) and quite a large area. We opted for a pergola (bolted down) in the seating area and a decent sized umbrella for the dining table. Neither are perfect as the sun moves across, but our issue is really the wind. We never open when windy or leave open overnight. If we had a bigger budget, we would have added a solid gabazo.

I need to see the house and this area together in a picture . Post that here in a comment. Yes we need to know wind speed for sure . I live where we get wind 85KM and 32 celsius daytime temps in summer . Anything meant to give shade has to be bolted down for sure .

We had a similar situation when we built our vacation home. There were no trees on the property and we needed sun and wind protection, but more sun than wind, since our backyard faces due west.

We had a roof built, attached to the house, that protects the deck and the furniture from the sun. It also keeps the sun from bleaching out the living room. Previously, we couldn't sit on the deck OR in the living room because it was so hot!

View from the pool:

a second covered deck:

View on the deck outside of the living room:

This is inside the living room. There are two tall windows on the south side of the room so it isn't made dark by the roof over the deck.

My sister and brother-in-law did the same on their home: