Yes, this is done often, but it is important to detail it properly.
You might start looking at Houzz.com photos to see if you can find any examples.

My hunch is that unless you want to DIY it, you're going to have a challenging time finding a plumber and a glass provider who will do the work (or they will charge excessively) because they'll have to warranty it.

Your best bet in hardware is likely to be the exposed shower fixtures that you would use for a free standing tub/shower combo (think old fashioned). I'm thinking the exposed pipe extending up from the wall on the exterior side (for cleaning reasons) with just a hole through the glass for the shower arm. Likely there will need to be some sort of additional anchoring to the ceiling in order to prevent movement and protect the glass.

I found one that looks like it has a bracket mounted on glass. Hover over the photo to expand and click on the name to get details


Here is another one that is a full glass enclosure. Like posted above, it is more of the free standing variety


This one is a DIY project - it is a glass enclosure with a tile column where the plumbing is located. Not quite the same concept, but maybe an alternate if the others above prove difficult to execute