in our area (nebraska) we call the young male calves "bull calves", then bull's. if it's castrated, then of cource it's a steer. generally there are steers, bulls, heifer's and cows. all are part of the bovine family of critters that cost too much money and hurt your feet when they step on them, and never bring what you think they are worth at market time.

Then there are the more regional terms:
dogie = orphan calf, which could become a
maverick = unbranded calf with no (branded) mother around
freemartin = sterile heifer born as the twin of a bull calf

I think pigs are more fun. We have:
pig = aside from the generic term, it often refers to the very young
shoat = newly weaned pigs
hog = after the shoat has grown a bit
barrow = castrated male
gilt = female that has not farrowed
sow = female that has farrowed
boar = mature male
to farrow = to have pigs

Pig language is more interesting.
Young pigs are sold as "weaners" or when they grow bigger, as "chunks."