Cornus kousa - Kousa dogwood.
The yellow pulp is edible - and some folks find it quite tasty. However, the leathery 'skin' is gritty and not at all tasty, and you need to take care not to break a tooth on the small stone-like seeds you'll occasionally encounter in the pulp.
I usually just sort of 'massage' the fruit 'til it's soft, then tear a hole in the stem end and suck out the pulp.

Awesome! Thank you so much, they are quite good. =)

I think I'll collect up more when I go back, maybe even try to plant the seeds.

Fairly easy to grow from seed - they need cold, moist stratification over winter - but be aware that you'll likely be waiting 10-15 years for your seedlings to being blooming & fruiting; I've got 2 or 3 seedling Kousas that I started from seed 10 years ago - one put on 2 or 3 blossoms this past spring, but set no fruits. The other two still show no signs of being ready to bloom or fruit.