It's skunk cabbage aka Symplocarpus foetidus.

Symplocarpus foetidus a monocot, which have parallel veins.

This plant has branching veins, so it's something else.

Nope, I'm familiar with skunk cabbage which this is definitely not.

A little more info: The leave are thin, delicate almost like spinach.

Thinking I could show better detail with one leaf, I pulled one to sever it from the stem. It was uprooted, instead, revealing that it appears to be a rhizome.

Common Burdock?

Winged petioles are fairly uncommon, should be easy to eliminate
many species that way.

Here is a link that might be useful: Arctium lappa

This post was edited by saltcedar on Wed, Jun 5, 13 at 0:21

Nope, not Burdock.
Didn't know the specific name "Winged petioles". This should be helpful.

I was thinking maybe a type of Sorrel (?) but can't find an exact match.

Also it's not a real Arrowhead (Sagittaria) or other similarly shaped aquatic plants: arrow-arum, green arum, tuckahoe, etc.

Winged petiole is a botanical term.

Here is a link that might be useful: Winged example

Maybe one of the species of Prenanthes. For an example of the kinds of basal leaves produced by at least a few of the species in this genus...

Here is a link that might be useful: Prenanthes crepidinea

This post was edited by bboy on Wed, Jun 5, 13 at 14:41

Excellent!

I like bboy's ID better.

This post was edited by saltcedar on Wed, Jun 5, 13 at 15:31

I think you nailed it! ..or, at least, you are not alone with that hypothesis (unless you're the same guy!)

I did an internet search based on your suggestion and did find an image of another "mystery plant" identical to mine; coincidentally, also in Ohio:
"One another note, a "mystery plant" that occurs here and elsewhere in central OH would be easy to ID if we were to have ever noticed it at a later stage (in flower). It bears arrow-shaped leaves with a distinctively winged leafstalk. The mystery plant seems like a Prenanthes (family Asteraceae) of some sort. Hmmm."

{{gwi:256945}}

I'll look into it further. Thanks to all for your assistance!

Here is a link that might be useful: As seen here

There is a species native out here that produces similar basal leaves, that is how I made the connection.

Yep, I'd say it is definitely a Nodding Rattlesnake-root (Prenanthes crepidinea Michx.)

I've never seen it develop that tall stalk or flower which seems to be common based on additional information I found.

At wisplants.uwsp.edu
www.michiganflora.net
jimmccormac.blogspot.com