You mean like indoors artificial light? If yes that means you control the temperature and light and therefore you could grow anything. Just a question of space and how much light you're willing to generate.

You mean atrium like as a room in the center of the house? Open to the sky or covered?

There are non-edibles as well, they just don't interest me to keep a list. Inside a home won't get any chill hours eliminating fruiting on some, but it is possible some that would normally freeze might do well---heck you might even be able to grow a pawpaw. Some require acid soil.

SHADE TOLERANT

Partial Shade
May have less fruit.

Alpine Strawberry
Bamboo (some types)
Dogwood
Elderberry
Evergreen & Red Huckleberry
Filbert
Gooseberry
Hydrangea
Jasmine
Lipstick Strawberry
Lingonberry
Magnolia Vines
Musk Strawberry
Paw Paw
Pie Cherry
Salmonberry
Serviceberry
Sugar Maple
Thimbleberry
blackberry


Full Shade

Bamboo (in sunny climates)
Currants
Carolina Allspice
Evergreen Huckleberry
Flowering Currant
Wasabi
Highbush Cranberry
blackberry

http://www.raintreenursery.com/Landscaping.html

Some of the most common and beloved vegetable garden favorites are perfectly suited for shade, including:

Arugula
Basil
Celery
Kale
Lettuce
Peas
Potatoes
Spinach

http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/shade-tolerant-vegetables-zm0z11zsto.aspx#axzz2gij52ibW

Violas and Cyclamen will grow in full shade. Both are light frost tolerant.