Hello, any help Identifying these lichens would be greatly appreciated. Even if only to family or other general taxa.

1. On a rock at 8,000 feet in Italian Alps

http://www.pbase.com/mshields/image/83714666

2. On a shady rock-side in northern New Jersey.

http://www.pbase.com/mshields/image/83714671

3. On an exposed rocky outcrop, northern New Jersey.

http://www.pbase.com/mshields/image/83714672

Thanks for any help!

Wyanokie